PostGIS

PostGIS spatially enables PostgreSQL: it’s the open-source extension that handles vector (Point, Polygon) and raster data with OGC-compliant functions (ST_Distance, ST_Buffer) and high-performance R-tree indexing.

PostGIS is the definitive spatial extension for PostgreSQL, transforming the robust database into a powerful, OGC-compliant geospatial platform. We're talking full support for vector types (Point, LineString, Polygon) and raster data, all managed with high-performance R-tree indexing. It delivers over 500 functions for spatial analysis: calculate distances with `ST_Distance`, perform overlays with `ST_Intersects`, or reproject data between SRIDs (e.g., 4326 to 26918). This open-source tool is the required backend for major GIS applications (QGIS, GeoServer, ArcGIS), making it the industry standard for serious location-based solutions.

https://postgis.net/